Free Essay on Eating Disorder - Eating Disorders :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Eating Disorders It seems like every little girl dreams of becoming a model. They want to be thin and pretty like the models they see on television and in magazines. Often the desire becomes an obsession and young girls see "thinness" as being a needed characteristic. For many girls, the teenage years are spent trying to acquire this look. Females are trying diets and are exercising like it is a competition to see who can lose the most weight the quickest. The obsession of many young girls over their appearance or weight has led to a growing number of people who have developed an eating disorder to try to deal with their lack of self-esteem or other related problems. Eating disorders are a serious health problem. Personal Counseling & Resources says that eating disorders "are characterized by a focus on body shape, weight, fat, food, and perfectionism and by feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem." Three of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating or compulsive eating disorder. According to Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, a person with anorexia "refuses to maintain normal body weight for age and height" and "weighs 85 percent or less than what is what is expected for age and height." A person diagnosed with bulimia has several ways of getting rid of the calories such as binge eating, vomiting, laxative misuse, exercising, or fasting. The person might have a normal weight for their age and height unless anorexia is present. The signs of a compulsive eater include eating meals frequently, rapidly, and secretly. This person might also snack and nibble all day long . The compulsive eater tends to have a history of diet failures and may be depressed or obese (Anred.com). There are many reasons that can contribute to the cause of eating disorders. One of the main reasons seems to be the obsession over every little pound a person is wearing. Sometimes low self-esteem or depression from any number of causes can usher in the eating disorder. Other times compulsive exercising can help shed the pounds but leave the enthused unhealthy looking. There are other possible causes to this widely known health problem.

Samskara: Evolution of Self

Samskara: Evolution of Self The novel Samskara: A Rite for a Dead Man, by U. R. Anatha Murthy, tells the story of a Brahmin village community, an agrahara, and the revered Brahmin man Praneshacharya who lives there. Central to the novel is its namesake, the concept of samskara. Adjacent to the title page, the author supplies the many definitions of the samskara, including: â€Å"making perfect†, â€Å"refinement†, â€Å"the realizing of past perceptions†, and â€Å"any rite or ceremony† just to name a few.Throughout the novel, these various understandings of samskara play into the lives of the Brahmins living in the agrahara of the protagonist. Particularly for Praneshacharya, he goes through a sort of rite of passage throughout the novel, in a way his own samskara. The novel begins immediately with the death of Naranappa, a Brahmin member of the agrahara who had long abandoned his orthodox Brahmin dharma. Naranappa, though deceased at the outset of the no vel, is a major character, who acts as a polar opposite to Praneshacharya.Naranappa breaks all tradition from the Brahmins of the agrahara. He eats meat, he drinks alcohol, and he even disregards the caste system, sleeping with Chandri, a lowcaste woman. In his life, Naranappa defied the rigid moral code of the Brahmins, and then in death through his samskara, his death rites, he challenges the traditions of the agrahara, and in doing so exposes the samskara of the local Brahmins, or lack thereof. Naranappa’s death triggers a comical confusion of Brahmin traditional funeral rites.Having essentially renounced his brahminhood through his conduct and going so far as threatening to become muslim, Naranappa could well have been excommunicated from the Brahmin community; however, since he was not, it was understood that he must be cremated by Brahmins, lest any pollution enter upon the ceremony. This was problematic for two men, Lakshmana and Garuda, who wanted to acquire the gold jewelry donated by Naranappa’s wife Chandri towards the death rites. In this way, the samskara, or refinement, of these Brahmin men is called into question through Naranappa’s samskara.Praneshacharya is affected in a very different way by Naranappa’s death. Having lived the life of an orthodox Brahmin all his life, studying the scriptures and such, Praneshacharya knows only of the ascetic lifestyle of purity, avoiding pollution at all times, learned from scriptures and tradition. His samskara, his perfecting, involved not lived experience but recitations of scripture. He even reads erotic scriptural passages yet understands not of the sexual compulsions they relate to.However, through his stressful dealings with Naranappa’s death rites, he has a sudden reversal moment of his thinking in his experience with Chandri. This moment is the beginning of his samskara, which takes his through various stages of self-reflection, thinking through his past (samskara), until he ultimately decides to return to the village, yet it is unclear what he plans to do once there. By the end of the novel, Praneshacharya does not entirely change his way of thinking to that of Naranappa’s. Indeed, he is still very different in personality, however there are many overlaps.Praneshacharya does many things which are strictly forbidden by his orthodox Brahmin Mahdva background. He sleeps with a lowcaste woman, Chandri, also the widowed wife of Naranappa, herein lying one major connection between the two men. He also frinks coffee in town with Putta, and even eats food at the temple during the time he should be fasting after his wife’s death. Praneshacharya seems to accept these violations as his decisions, and therefore his identity. By identifying with these experiences, he is confirming his experience as samskara, a rite of passage.He does however still fear many aspects of his anti-brahmin lifestyle as reflected through his experiences with Putta in the town. He fears the cock-fighting ring and the demoniac attitudes of those involved. He also still cannot bear the pollution of his unwashed hands after leaving the temple meal. Clearly, Praneshacharya is in a state of transition in the novel, and indeed it is part of his samskara. The final line of the novel suggests even he does not know where he stands, just that it isn’t as before.

Assessment in Special Education Philippines - 2553 Words

De La Salle University Manila College of Education Educational and Leadership Management Department The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines A Reflection Paper Presented by GOTIZA, Adai Liyah M. MA Ed Special Education 11194820 Presented to Dr. W. Sison 9 February 2013 The Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines I. Assessment Processess Involved in Assessment a. tests b. measurement c. evaluation II. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in America History of Assessment Purposes of Assessment in Education a. regular education b. special education Process of Educational Assessment III. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in the Philippines Policies and Guidelines†¦show more content†¦But they came to a realization that there is a need for a tool to identify the problems of children who are not learning at the same rate as their peers. During the late 1800s, Alfred Binnet proposed to French Ministry of Public Instruction that there is a need for a further study of children who are failing in school and must not be dismissed. So, the need for special instruction was identified. He, together with Theodore Simon developed a tool with 30 items with ascending order of difficulty during the early 1900s. It has a wide variety of function with emphasis on judgement, comprehension, and reasoning which are the components of intelligence. This was called Simon-Binnet Test. However, there are still glitches on the use of this tool because most items are verbal and scoring procedure is not available. The second version of the tool added more items and removed unsatisfactory items. Accordingly, test items are grouped according to age level. Scoring was also established by interpreting it through mental level. The third version was done in 1911. There were some minor revision and repositioning of items according to level of difficulty. The tool was brought to America and was studied further in Standford University by Lewis Therman. It was normed and standardized resulti ng to its name these days as StanfordBinnet Intelligence Test. However between1920-1950, the prominent testsShow MoreRelatedChild Protection Policy1362 Words   |  6 PagesTHE CHILD PROTECTION POLICY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATISTICS ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" NCR CAR REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION I II III IV-A IV-B V VI - - 59 1 4 2 4 22 3 0 1 ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" ï‚â€" REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION REGION VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII- 5 2 4 1 1 2 1 CHILD ABUSE AND RELATED COMPLAINTS REFERRED TO CENTRAL OFFICE AS OF AUGUST, 2010 TO PRESENT Physical, Verbal and Sexual Abuse and Violence inflicted by Teachers Read MoreAssesing the Curriculum for Special Education2198 Words   |  9 PagesCENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Jaro, Iloilo City ASSESSING THE CURRICULUM FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION A RESEARCH PAPER In Partial Fulfillment of the Course In Educ. 647 Supervision of Instruction Presented to: Dr. Lucy B. Catalogo Professor Presented by: Lori Grace A. Advincula MAED 2 -1 March 25, 2008 Table of Contents Chapter I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Objectives of the Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Statement ofRead More2010 Secondary Education Curriculum in English6955 Words   |  28 PagesRepublic of the Philippines Department of Education Bureau of Secondary Education Curriculum Development Division Pasig City March 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii I. II. III. IV. V. Introduction Conceptual Framework in English Concept Matrix Performance Matrix Program and General Standards Three-Stage Curriculum Framework Annexes A. B. The Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the 2002 Secondary Education Curriculum: Findings and Recommendations Guide Questions for the Review of theRead MoreThe Alternative Learning System1623 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as the ALS to the basic and fundamental law of the land. The Philippine Constitution provides for free and compulsory elementary education and free secondary education through the Department of Education (DepEd). This means that all Filipinos have a constitutional right to basic education, and the DepEd is mandated to provide this service to all Filipinos. In the 80’s, the global community launched a campaign called Education for All (EFA) that aimed to eradicate illiteracy and promote functionalRead MoreScience and Mathematics Instruction in the Philippines2887 Words   |  12 PagesSCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTION IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATION CURRICULUM Alazada, Noreen Dianne Sanga Bachelor of Science in Development Communication Education 102 Section U March 17, 2011 INTRODUCTION When the researcher entered the College of Development Communication two years ago, there are many instances that the decline in the proficiency of Filipino students in Mathematics and Science examinations all over the countries in Asia was mentioned by the professors. â€Å"Filipino students have lowRead MoreManagement and National Service Training1620 Words   |  7 PagesDance with music | 2 |    |    | Nstp 122 | National service training program ii | 3 |    |    |    | Semester 3 |    |    |    | Eng 213 | Research and technical writing | 3 |    |    | Nat sc 211 | Biological science | 3 |    |    | Soc sc 213 | Philippine history, constitution and government | 3 |    |    | Phys 212 l1 | Collage physics 2 | 4 |    |    | Math 213 | Analytical geometry | 3 |    |    | Cs 215 | Probability and statistics | 3 |    |    | Cs 216 s2 | Computer programming ii | 3 |   Read MoreA Research Paper on Remedial Program1649 Words   |  7 PagesEFFECTS OF REMEDIALPROGRAM ON THE READING LEVELS OF SOME GRADE ONE STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS Cebu Normal University October 2010 Mimieluz B. 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Living Near A Modern Day Slave And The Necessity Of...

Living Near a Modern Day Slave and the Necessity of Business Ethics The cover story of this June’s copy of The Atlantic is a posthumously published article by the late Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Alex Tizon. The story is called, â€Å"My Family’s Slave.† It documents the startling revelation that his family owned a slave, named Lola, in the 20th century and that she lived into the 21st. And this didn’t occur in a war torn or impoverished county; it happened in the United States. In fact, I ignorantly lived mere miles away from her and we even frequented the same sleepy vacation town. To think that I may have unknowingly crossed paths with a modern day slave isn’t something I yearned for nor did it ever enter the realm of possibility.†¦show more content†¦This seemingly noble mission is quickly squelched when the real reason for the project is given. The company founder is quoted as saying, â€Å"We could have done it as a nonprofit over a hundred years, but if we wanted to do it in five or 10 years, then we believed it needed to be fueled by profit. That’s the way to grow.† The goal of the business is not to help the poor, but to exploit the poor. Their quest is not some moral mission; they are not looking to lend a helping hand. All they are doing is monetarily milking a group of deprived people. Their goal is growth, not goodwill. If a company such as the one mentioned, who is said to have some sort of a social cause, only sees profits as the end goal, then what happens with companies and people that have no cause other than profits? The short answer is that things can get intensely immoral. From about 1885 to 1908, King Leopold II of Belgium controlled the entire Congo territory by himself (what is now considered the Democratic Republic of the Congo). He ironically dubbed his privately owned oasis the Congo Free State. Its sole purpose was to create a profit for Leopold and his European investors. In doing so, he raped the African landscape and its peoples. Using a combination of slavery and forced labor, Leopold extracted his wealth mainly from the harvesting of rubber and ivory. However, this beastly behavior was hidden under the cloak of Leopold’s words that his actions are, â€Å"the work of moral and materialShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Chocolate Industry3505 Words   |  15 Pagesfarms is at a distance from the glamourised candy producers such as Mars and Nestlà ©, and a universe away from the day-to-day consumers of chocolate. 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Biography of Niels Bohr, The Danish Physicist Essay

Harald became the first of the Bohr brothers to earn a master’s degree. Niels earned his 9 months later. The students in his class had to submit a thesis on a subject assigned by their supervisor. Bohr’s supervisor was Christiansen, and the topic he gave them was the electron theory of metals. Bohr then elaborated his master’s thesis in to his much larger theory â€Å"Doctor of Philosophy† thesis. He questioned the literature on the subject ,settling on a model assumed by Paul Drude and elaborated by Hendrik Lorentz ,which stated in which the electrons on a meta; are considered to behave like a gas. Bohr enlarged Lorentz model, but still unable to account for singularities like the Hall Effect, and decided that the electron theory could not†¦show more content†¦His 3 papers, which later became famous as the â€Å"trilogy â€Å"were published in the Philosophical magazine in July. Later in the year He revised Rutherford’s nuclear structure to Max Planck’s quantum theory and created the Bohr model of the atom. He revolutionized the theory of electrons traveling in orbits around the atoms nucleus. He also announced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the progress also emitting a quantum of discrete energy. This theory became known as the old quantum theory. The trilogy’s acceptance was dur to it s ability to explain the phenomena which blocked other models ,and predicted the results that were then verified by experiments. Today the Bohr model of the atom has been outdated but is still known as the best model of atoms, and is still used in high school physics and chemistry. Bohr soon realized that he did not enjoy teaching the medical students. He decided to return to Manchester, where Rutherford had offered him a job as a reader in Darwin’s place, whose contract had expired, Bohr accepted. In April 1917, Bohr began a campaign to establish an institute of Theoretical Physics. He gained the support of Danish government and Carlsberg Foundation, establishing the institution in November 1918 known as the Niels Bohr Institute, the doors were opened by March 3,1921 with Bohr as the director. His family moved into an apartment on the first floor. The Bohr Institute helped as a main point forShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory1519 Words   |  7 Pages In the early 1800s, scientist John Dalton began studying various gases. He soon came to realize that gases were actually made up of individual particles and were not a chemical solvent, as previously thought by other scientists (John Dalton Biography). After further experimentation, Dalto n felt confident in his assumption that all types of matter were also made of individual particles. Dalton named these particles â€Å"atoms,† which he borrowed from Democritus’s original theory. In 1803, he officially

“That lightsaber belongs to me!” Star Wars the Gender Swap Free Essays

A long time ago in a galaxy far far away†¦ the very words that began one of the world’s most recognized and well-established franchises. Star Wars, a beloved series that continues to have an ever growing fan base. However, when one considers the fan base of the film series, it is easy to associate its image with that of a male figure. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"That lightsaber belongs to me!†: Star Wars the Gender Swap or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the original trilogy fans had Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia. In the prequels there was Anakin, Mace Windu, Count Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Noticing a trend here? All of these characters to some degree fulfill the role of the archetypal male hero with a female companion, which is something the audience is accustomed to seeing, though naturally they are not all the same. Why is that? Perhaps that is the question viewers should ask themselves when watching anything from the Star Wars series. It is no surprise that Star Wars is a series loved by many throughout the world, as it offers a sense of science fiction and epic take on fantasy. However, it has been recognized to have a bit of a gender problem or suffer from what is known as the â€Å"Smurfette Effect†. Much like its counterparts in Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter, which offers multiple male-led roles, accompanied by one or two other female roles. In the original trilogy – episodes four through six – the three main characters that stuck out were recognized as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). However, the role that stood out the most was that of Princess Leia, known as the leader of the rebel alliance, and iconic figure who had the courage and potential to dismantle the operations of those who sought to destroy everything she stood for. She even was presented the opportunity to save such male roles and remained as the only empowered female character throughout all three original films. However, this was all viewed as a secondary thought as the roles played by men were seen as the primary entity to the series, but this still was seen as a major breakthrough for females in film. Around the time the series was released the role and idea for a strong female lead character to exist was revolutionary and had a major impact on the way viewers and directors looked at films and the way female roles were handled. This of course would set the path for future films to be released. We would see this once again when the prequel films were released – episodes one through 3 – as characters such as Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and other female Jedi roles came to light. Once again these characters were portrayed to be women of power and viewed as a great importance to the public. However, once again these features were viewed as a second thought and taken behind the roles of men and their importance to the series. Making it no surprise that the target demographic for the series was predominantly male-oriented. Despite this, Star Wars has an audience of female fans equal to those of their male counterparts and with such a large number of female fans. You would think that the universe would have more populated with roles of woman shining beyond or sharing the roles of men. Sadly, this was not the case and women presented were often shown to fall short of being any type of role model-like figure. It was seen as though if boys were to watch Star Wars films, they can idolize or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, characters who were portrayed to be cunning, brave, and would face danger head on. Girls on the other hand, were they supposed to support being submissive, and in need of a hero like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the trend that all of the series films would fall victim to? Women depending on men to shape and care for their futures? These types of questions remained unanswered for the longest time, until recent years when the Star Wars franchise announced it would return to the big screen in 2015 under the name â€Å"Star Wars: The Force Awakens†. However, this would not be a â€Å"per usual† Star Wars film dominated by white male men and their secondary female counterparts. No, this film sought to abolish all of the stale characteristics the series had become known for, and decided to give the series a twist no one could have seen coming. As the film itself was presented with the idea of having the franchise’s first female lead role, first female villain role, first African American lead, and include more minor female characters in unexpected areas. The film was also set to have a wide This sent the world into a complete frenzy as it had a mixed reception from fans. Some found they loved and looked forward to the idea of a fresh take on the series and moving along with modern times. Fans could now be open to an entire new world, and see what could come from such a diverse cast of characters. Others however, took this as an insult, and saw the series falling prey to the social justice warrior movements and being nothing more than mere propaganda that would harm the series. Causing multiple Men’s Right Activists to call for boycotts of the film, and multiple online protests, as several stated it was an attack on the hold men had throughout the series. In weeks leading to the release of the film, trailers and images taken for the film were tagged with â€Å"#BoycottStarWarsVII† and â€Å"#StarWarsaMensGalaxy†. Despite the protests, and negative feedback from multiple activists and fans, the film generated $529 million its opening week. Stomping out the superstitions that this one film would ruin the image of Star Wars that was established. However, the biggest victory this film had, was with its characters and their roles in the film as director JJ Abrams made it clear that The Force Awakens was something that would change the Star Wars forever. Many speculated that, despite the latest additions to the franchise would still be dominated by men, and have small hints of a woman being in power. However, when the film debuted many found the story’s main character, Rey, a mysterious character with a hidden backstory, was not only cunning and well-rounded. She was truly independent, did not rely on another character, find herself in the middle of a love scene, or eagerly waiting for a knight in shining armor to come save the day. The closest she comes to something of that sort, is her companion Finn, who also made a splash being the franchise’s first African American lead role. However, it comes across as two friends looking after one another, it could even be recognized as a bond strictly forged by survival. However, this was not the only shocker of the film, as another twist to the plot of the story comes during the climax of the film. When Rey would even defeat, and overpower the films only white antagonist known as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber battle. Some would say that it was one of the most horrific fight scenes on a Star Wars film to date, but not if you take a closer look as the fight itself has a hidden meaning. Analyzing the fight scene, Kylo toys with Rey and does not face as a real opponent. Taunting her, and showing his superior strength to push her to a weakened state but at the one point he offers her a chance to join him as an apprentice and teach her what she lacks as a Jedi. This can be seen as a moment of man beating down the thought of a woman taking on such a role. Demonstrating that a woman such as Rey is not meant to be so strong. That she is not meant to stand as a warrior, or as someone who can stand their ground and can easily fall prey to the words of a man who appears to be stronger and offers a way out a difficult situation. However, as Rey, struggles to hold off her opponent, she takes a moment to reflect on who she is, and why she is fighting. She then becomes focused and forges a stronger bond between herself and the force which allows her to become more powerful than Kylo could have ever become in such a short time. Rey, who has never fought with a lightsaber, never used the force in anyway, or faced an evil as strong as Kylo Ren emerges victorious. Making an impression on the young man, and the audience that this female character is not one to be taken so lightly, that women can take on such a role, and be just as good of a Jedi warrior worthy of wielding a lightsaber in battle. This scene alone can be indicated as one of the most iconic, visually pleasing, and outspoken of all time, with the simple message it carries through its actions and depiction. Just one more thing for the world to fall in love with, and that it did. Following the success of the film came the monstrous demand for the toys, and video game figures that the public would be open to collect and enjoy. The new line of Star Wars figures and video games included almost every single cast member and their costumes, all except one major piece. Rey herself, was not found to be included in any of the merchandise produced by toy distributor Hasbro, except for one. One that was part of a â€Å"Speeder Bundle†, a pre-sale toy bundle before the film was released. However, this one toy absolutely robs Rey of any gender as she is fully masked and clothed. One would not even notice it was a female character in the form of a toy. This of course drove a massive callout from fans and gender activists, both raising the question as to why? Why was this important female character being left out when so many were calling for her to appear? The answer came from an inside report from Hasbro that stated toymakers were specifically directed to exclude Rey from their products because â€Å"Star Wars toys were geared toward boys and boys don’t like playing with female action figures. No boy wants to be given a product with a female character on it.† Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to come forward and made a thin excuse saying their intentions were â€Å"mistaken, as they did not wish to reveal or spoil anything for anyone who had not seen the movie.† It was also found that both Disney and Hasbro invested heavily in the white antagonist male character Kylo Ren as many executives expected his role to be the breakout role of the century. Returning old world views of woman not being able to have as strong of a hold in the entertainment industry as men and bringing forth the question of whether or not this trend would continue with the later series of episodes the Star Wars franchise planned to release in years to come. Although the answer may not be fully known, it is clear that creators and directors under with the Star Wars brand are working toward undoing the damage set forth by past films for their portrayal of women. With the latest installments of Star Wars: The Clone Wars Animated, Rogue One, and The Last Jedi – all featuring more independent and empowered female characters, the franchise is on the right path but still has a large road ahead till many see women equal to men. How to cite â€Å"That lightsaber belongs to me!†: Star Wars the Gender Swap, Papers

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay Example For Students

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay annonOn December 15, 1890 authorities feared that the Siouxs new GhostDance? religion might inspire an uprising. Sitting Bull permitted GrandRiver people to join the antiwhite Ghost Dance cult and was thereforearrested by troops. In the fracas that followed, he was shot twice in thehead. Sitting Bull followers were apprehended and brought to the U.SArmy Camp at Wounded Knee Creek in southwestern South Dakota. Moving among the tipis, soldiers lifted womens dresses andtouched their private parts, ripping from them essential cooking andsewing utensils. The men sitting in the council heard the angry shrieks oftheir wives, mothers, and daughters. Several Lakota, offended by theabusive actions of the cavalry, stubbornly waited to have their weaponstaken from them. It was a show of honor in front of their elders, for fewof them were old enough to have fought in the Indian Wars fifteen yearsbefore. That night, everyone was tired out by the hard trip. James Asay, aPine Ridge trader and whiskey runner, brought a ten-gallon keg of whiskeyto the Seventh Cavalry officers. Many of the Indian men were kept up allnight by the drunken Cavalry where the soldiers kept asking them how oldthey were. The soldiers were hoping to discover which of the men had beenat the Battle of Little Bighorn where Custer was killed. On the bitterly cold morning of December 29, 1890, Alice GhostHorse,a thirteen- year old Lakota girl rode her horse through the U.S Army camplooking for her father, one of the Indian men who had been rounded upearlier that day. Less than fifty yards away she could see her father sitting on theground with other disarmed men from Chief Big Foots band, surrounded bymore than 500 heavily armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry. She lookedNorth up the hill where four guns on wheels were mounted. Trooperswatched silently on each side of the Hotchkiss battery. To one side Alice noticed a familiar figure standing with handsraised above his head, his arms turned upward in prayer. It was themedicine man by the name of Yellow Bird. He stood facing the east, rightby the fire pit which was now covered with dirt. He was praying andcrying. He was saying to the spotted eagles that he wanted to die insteadof his people. He must have sense that something was going to happen. Hepicked up some dirt from the fire place and threw it up in the air andsaid, This is the way I want to go, back to dust.Seventh Cavalry interpreter Phillip F. Wells, whose knowledge ofthe Lakota language was poor, later told military investigators that a mannamed Yellow Bird stood up at Wounded Knee and deliberately incited theLakota to fight. Colonel Forsyth gave a bizarre order: each soldier was told to aimhis unloaded gun at an Indians forehead and to pull the trigger. AfterWells translated the demeaning order to the astonished Lakota, they couldnot comprehend this foolishness. Looking at each other, their faces grewwild with fear.Alice then saw two or three sergeants grab a deaf man named BlackCoyote who had yet to be disarmed. His friends had been so busy talkingthat they had left him uniformed. The soldiers tore off his blanket,roughly twirling him around. He raised his rifle above his head to keep itaway from them. In the midst of yelling, jerking, and twisting, thestruggle ended unexpectedly when the rifle pointed toward the east enddischarged in the crisp morning air. .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .postImageUrl , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:visited , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:active { border:0!important; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:active , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andrew Jackson EssayLieutenant James Mann screamed, Fire! Fire on them! On commandthe troops opened fire in an explosive volley, enclosing both attackersand victims in a dark curtain of pungent smoke. That day over three hundred elderly men, women, and children, alldisarmed were brutally murdered. After the genocidal procedure occurred, ablizzard hit, and it was on the forth day that search parties were sentout to bury the dead. A newspaper reporter accompanying the burial party described thefirst body they found as that of a male about twelve years old. The boyhad been shot. He was wearing a ghost shirt embolized with an eagle, buffalo, andmorning-star insignia. They believed that these symbols of powerfulspirits would protect them from the soldiers bullets. Many of the wounded survivors later died or were secretly carriedaway in the night by Lakota from other bands. The dead were buried inhidden locations, and carefully concealed from federal officials who laterunderestimated the death toll at 146, over two hundred less than theactual number butchered an their own land. The frozen bodies were taken to the top of the hill overlookingthe valley where they had died. Gravediggers carved a gaping hole form theearth, six feet deep, ten wide, sixty long. When the orders were given tobury the first load, three soldiers jumped into the grave and each corpsewas given to them one at a time. They stripped them of all salablearticles from the bodies as if they were skinning rabbits. Without prayer services of any kind, the Lakota dead were layeredin a mass grave, first one naked row across the bottom of the trench, andold army blankets were placed over them, then another row of limp bodieslengthwise. And so on they continued until the last mound of dirt wasshoveled on. BIA TakeoverIn 1968, the Indian activist group known as AIM was born. Theactual founding members remain unknown, but Dennis Banks, ClydeBellecourt, and George Miller were prominent in its foundation. The groupwas initially organized to deal with discriminatory practices of thepolice in the arrest of Indians and to fight for the rights of AmericanIndians. In November 1972, members of AIM marched and protested in front ofthe White House in Washington D.C. They had come to complain about thetreatment of the bureau towards them. The group of over 500 then decidedto take over the BIA building. During the instrumental week-long occupation, the Indianscomfortably settled in the building. Cooking, dishwashing, and cleaningwas organized. Guards were appointed and children were looked after. Thiswas amazing considering the amount of people in the building. Then theinevitable arrival of the police surrounded the building. Uniformed inriot gear, the police began to beat Indians standing around the vicinityand haul them to jail. A rainstorm of office materials were thrown at thepolice. Many were discouraged and kept their distance from the entrance. Inside the building, it was not totally chaotic but somewhat of anorganized confusion. Women and children ran for safety and the brave graspvarious weapons and stood their ground. Many were prepared to die in theconfrontation. Indian Reorganization ActThe Indian Reorganization Act, a major reform of U.S policy towardAmerican Indians, was enacted by Congress on June 18, 1934 as a result ofa decade of criticism of conditions on the reservations. It forbade thefurther allotment of tribal lands to individual Indians. It destroyed theold, traditional form of Indian self- government. Power was mainly left tohalf-blood tribal presidents whose alliance was mainly to the U.Sgovernment. Dicky Wilson was the worst of this type. He was accused ofillegally converting tribal funds and having people beaten and murdered. .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .postImageUrl , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:visited , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:active { border:0!important; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:active , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Different methods to grab our attention EssayHe also had Russel Means, a AIM leader, beaten up and sent to thehospital. After that situation, AIM decided to fight back. Siege of Wounded KneeIn February 1973, members of AIM gathered around a courthouse toattend the trial of Wesly Bad Heart who had been stabbed to death by awhite man. Not surprisingly, the murderer was acquitted. The group refused to acceptthe decision. The coiled tension was about to be released by the abusiveactions of the police. Troopers used an array of riot weapons to controlthe masses. Indians set buildings on fire and broke into stores. Thefighting lasted till midafternoon. The group then decided to head to Wounded Knee, an Oglala Siouxhamlet on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. Everyone begansetting up tents and making bunkers around the Sacred Heart Church. Only afew had rifles and there was only one automatic weapon an AK-47. Manystood silent as they stood on where many of there people were butchered. Around the vicinity stood the Gildersleeve Trading Post and SacredHeart Church. Both had been desecretions of the slaughtered Indians fromthe Original Battle of Wounded Knee. There was a store that sold postcardswith the images of the dead corpses. The church that overlooked the valleywas taken over by the Indians. They stormed in and began to dance Indianfashion. A FBI car arrived to monitor their actions. We challenged them torepeat the massacre that occurred almost a hundred years ago. During the ten-week long takeover at Wounded Knee, the time wasmostly past in boredom. Women were sent to stores to buy food while othersprepared it. The brave and strong women carried weapons. A white manshome became a hospital ran by woman. More and more feds arrived tosurround the area and some shot at people. Some were strolling around inarmored vehicles others walked through the vicinity with attack dogs. Reporters and politicians had also arrived. When food became short, theybegan hunting for elks and bulls. One day a plane flew through and droppedfour hundred pounds of food. Everyone began to swarm around it and unpackit. It was filled with powdered milk, beans, flour, rice, coffee,bandages, vitamins, and antibiotics. Two Indians were dead and many were injured. When an Indian wasshot at and badly hurt, they asked the feds to cease fire. They began towave a white flag. The two thousand Indians had stood their ground atWounded Knee.