Living Near A Modern Day Slave And The Necessity Of...

Living Near a Modern Day Slave and the Necessity of Business Ethics The cover story of this June’s copy of The Atlantic is a posthumously published article by the late Pulitzer Prize winning journalist Alex Tizon. The story is called, â€Å"My Family’s Slave.† It documents the startling revelation that his family owned a slave, named Lola, in the 20th century and that she lived into the 21st. And this didn’t occur in a war torn or impoverished county; it happened in the United States. In fact, I ignorantly lived mere miles away from her and we even frequented the same sleepy vacation town. To think that I may have unknowingly crossed paths with a modern day slave isn’t something I yearned for nor did it ever enter the realm of possibility.†¦show more content†¦This seemingly noble mission is quickly squelched when the real reason for the project is given. The company founder is quoted as saying, â€Å"We could have done it as a nonprofit over a hundred years, but if we wanted to do it in five or 10 years, then we believed it needed to be fueled by profit. That’s the way to grow.† The goal of the business is not to help the poor, but to exploit the poor. Their quest is not some moral mission; they are not looking to lend a helping hand. All they are doing is monetarily milking a group of deprived people. Their goal is growth, not goodwill. If a company such as the one mentioned, who is said to have some sort of a social cause, only sees profits as the end goal, then what happens with companies and people that have no cause other than profits? The short answer is that things can get intensely immoral. From about 1885 to 1908, King Leopold II of Belgium controlled the entire Congo territory by himself (what is now considered the Democratic Republic of the Congo). He ironically dubbed his privately owned oasis the Congo Free State. Its sole purpose was to create a profit for Leopold and his European investors. In doing so, he raped the African landscape and its peoples. Using a combination of slavery and forced labor, Leopold extracted his wealth mainly from the harvesting of rubber and ivory. However, this beastly behavior was hidden under the cloak of Leopold’s words that his actions are, â€Å"the work of moral and materialShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Chocolate Industry3505 Words   |  15 Pagesfarms is at a distance from the glamourised candy producers such as Mars and Nestlà ©, and a universe away from the day-to-day consumers of chocolate. That such a quixotic market shares a commonality with the more exposed diamond market, for example, whose implication in the sale and involvement of guns in tribal cleansing has long been documented, drives home the reminder that our modern prosperity, usually reached and used with the best of consumer intentions, if not also the corporate, and even ourRead More Citizenship and The French Revolution Essay7066 Words   |  29 Pagesjustification.†1 â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights,† began the â€Å"Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen,† a document that was supposed to be applicable to all Frenchmen. But did the Declaration really apply to the Jews, Black African slaves, and women in the same respect as it applied to its creators, and was it even intended to do so? Historians have taken diverse approaches to the study of the French Revolutionary era. Perhaps this is because the French Revolution impacted differentRead MoreSocial Effects of Technology Essay6374 Words   |  26 Pagessupporting and developing of an economy, in the securing and maintaining of jobs for the population, and most certainly in determining the level of economic welfare experienced by the members of the society. What is the effect of the new technology on business and commerce? Does it represent new goods and services? Are we dealing with new products resulting from technological change? If so, how will the new pro ducts impact the economic structure? One source of new technology is the search for increasedRead More Social Effects of Technology Essays6300 Words   |  26 Pagessupporting and developing of an economy, in the securing and maintaining of jobs for the population, and most certainly in determining the level of economic welfare experienced by the members of the society. What is the effect of the new technology on business and commerce? Does it represent new goods and services? Are we dealing with new products resulting from technological change? If so, how will the new products impact the economic structure? One source of new technology is the search for increasedRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 PagesINDIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND VALUES ETHICS IN BUSINESS : NATURE AND TYPES OF INDIAN SOCIETY : 1) Tribal Society : The tribals are economically, educationally and politically backward as compared to the non-tribals. One scholar has called tribal people â€Å"Backward Hindus†. However there is a sizable number of Tribals who are Christian. The tribes of India before independence were considered animistic by the by religion Census authorities. Distinction was made between those who were Hindu andRead MoreRichard Allen s Influence On African Americans8445 Words   |  34 PagesDivision in Candidacy for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History Department of History By: Malary Wood, Jr. Gwynedd Valley, PA Fall 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.?.2 Part 1: Blacks Living in Philadelphia after the Revolutionary War4 Philadelphia Black Population...5 Establishing the Mother Bethel .............................................................................Read MoreThe Historical Transformation of Work14383 Words   |  58 Pageswhich one receives payment. Thus, the current conception of work is a modern social construction, the product of specific historical conditions that are typically denoted by the term ‘industrial capitalism’. The first part of this term indicates that work is a productive activity involving machines powered by inanimate energy sources that is undertaken outside the home in a dedicated building that one has to travel to each work day. The second part indicates that work involves monetary payment, typicallyRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesfundamentals of the traditions of social work. This kind of research contributes to the theoretical self-conception of social work which is necessary for the development of social work as a modern professional system, a scientific di scipline and a research-based activity. The development of social work as a modern social system depends on its intellectual capacity based on this kind of theoretical selfconception. . Issues within the philosophy of science, political philosophy and the general theoryRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesManagement Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproducedRead MoreOfw Remittances- an Economic Booster10937 Words   |  44 Pagesgoing to fall because a person wont be able to purchase as much with that dollar as he/she previously could. It seems that people often confuse the cause of inflation with the effect of inflation and unfortunately the dictionary isnt much help. The modern definition of inflation is it is a persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money... In other words, when inflation occurs, goods or services are getting more expensive. But that is

Biography of Niels Bohr, The Danish Physicist Essay

Harald became the first of the Bohr brothers to earn a master’s degree. Niels earned his 9 months later. The students in his class had to submit a thesis on a subject assigned by their supervisor. Bohr’s supervisor was Christiansen, and the topic he gave them was the electron theory of metals. Bohr then elaborated his master’s thesis in to his much larger theory â€Å"Doctor of Philosophy† thesis. He questioned the literature on the subject ,settling on a model assumed by Paul Drude and elaborated by Hendrik Lorentz ,which stated in which the electrons on a meta; are considered to behave like a gas. Bohr enlarged Lorentz model, but still unable to account for singularities like the Hall Effect, and decided that the electron theory could not†¦show more content†¦His 3 papers, which later became famous as the â€Å"trilogy â€Å"were published in the Philosophical magazine in July. Later in the year He revised Rutherford’s nuclear structure to Max Planck’s quantum theory and created the Bohr model of the atom. He revolutionized the theory of electrons traveling in orbits around the atoms nucleus. He also announced the idea that an electron could drop from a higher energy orbit to a lower one, in the progress also emitting a quantum of discrete energy. This theory became known as the old quantum theory. The trilogy’s acceptance was dur to it s ability to explain the phenomena which blocked other models ,and predicted the results that were then verified by experiments. Today the Bohr model of the atom has been outdated but is still known as the best model of atoms, and is still used in high school physics and chemistry. Bohr soon realized that he did not enjoy teaching the medical students. He decided to return to Manchester, where Rutherford had offered him a job as a reader in Darwin’s place, whose contract had expired, Bohr accepted. In April 1917, Bohr began a campaign to establish an institute of Theoretical Physics. He gained the support of Danish government and Carlsberg Foundation, establishing the institution in November 1918 known as the Niels Bohr Institute, the doors were opened by March 3,1921 with Bohr as the director. His family moved into an apartment on the first floor. The Bohr Institute helped as a main point forShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory1519 Words   |  7 Pages In the early 1800s, scientist John Dalton began studying various gases. He soon came to realize that gases were actually made up of individual particles and were not a chemical solvent, as previously thought by other scientists (John Dalton Biography). After further experimentation, Dalto n felt confident in his assumption that all types of matter were also made of individual particles. Dalton named these particles â€Å"atoms,† which he borrowed from Democritus’s original theory. In 1803, he officially

“That lightsaber belongs to me!” Star Wars the Gender Swap Free Essays

A long time ago in a galaxy far far away†¦ the very words that began one of the world’s most recognized and well-established franchises. Star Wars, a beloved series that continues to have an ever growing fan base. However, when one considers the fan base of the film series, it is easy to associate its image with that of a male figure. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"That lightsaber belongs to me!†: Star Wars the Gender Swap or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the original trilogy fans had Luke Skywalker, Han Solo, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader and Princess Leia. In the prequels there was Anakin, Mace Windu, Count Dooku, Yoda, and Padame. Noticing a trend here? All of these characters to some degree fulfill the role of the archetypal male hero with a female companion, which is something the audience is accustomed to seeing, though naturally they are not all the same. Why is that? Perhaps that is the question viewers should ask themselves when watching anything from the Star Wars series. It is no surprise that Star Wars is a series loved by many throughout the world, as it offers a sense of science fiction and epic take on fantasy. However, it has been recognized to have a bit of a gender problem or suffer from what is known as the â€Å"Smurfette Effect†. Much like its counterparts in Lord of the Rings, and Harry Potter, which offers multiple male-led roles, accompanied by one or two other female roles. In the original trilogy – episodes four through six – the three main characters that stuck out were recognized as Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamil), Han Solo (Harrison Ford), and Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher). However, the role that stood out the most was that of Princess Leia, known as the leader of the rebel alliance, and iconic figure who had the courage and potential to dismantle the operations of those who sought to destroy everything she stood for. She even was presented the opportunity to save such male roles and remained as the only empowered female character throughout all three original films. However, this was all viewed as a secondary thought as the roles played by men were seen as the primary entity to the series, but this still was seen as a major breakthrough for females in film. Around the time the series was released the role and idea for a strong female lead character to exist was revolutionary and had a major impact on the way viewers and directors looked at films and the way female roles were handled. This of course would set the path for future films to be released. We would see this once again when the prequel films were released – episodes one through 3 – as characters such as Padme Amidalla, Keira Knightley, and other female Jedi roles came to light. Once again these characters were portrayed to be women of power and viewed as a great importance to the public. However, once again these features were viewed as a second thought and taken behind the roles of men and their importance to the series. Making it no surprise that the target demographic for the series was predominantly male-oriented. Despite this, Star Wars has an audience of female fans equal to those of their male counterparts and with such a large number of female fans. You would think that the universe would have more populated with roles of woman shining beyond or sharing the roles of men. Sadly, this was not the case and women presented were often shown to fall short of being any type of role model-like figure. It was seen as though if boys were to watch Star Wars films, they can idolize or plays as Obi-Wan or Anakin, characters who were portrayed to be cunning, brave, and would face danger head on. Girls on the other hand, were they supposed to support being submissive, and in need of a hero like that of Leia and Padme? Was this the trend that all of the series films would fall victim to? Women depending on men to shape and care for their futures? These types of questions remained unanswered for the longest time, until recent years when the Star Wars franchise announced it would return to the big screen in 2015 under the name â€Å"Star Wars: The Force Awakens†. However, this would not be a â€Å"per usual† Star Wars film dominated by white male men and their secondary female counterparts. No, this film sought to abolish all of the stale characteristics the series had become known for, and decided to give the series a twist no one could have seen coming. As the film itself was presented with the idea of having the franchise’s first female lead role, first female villain role, first African American lead, and include more minor female characters in unexpected areas. The film was also set to have a wide This sent the world into a complete frenzy as it had a mixed reception from fans. Some found they loved and looked forward to the idea of a fresh take on the series and moving along with modern times. Fans could now be open to an entire new world, and see what could come from such a diverse cast of characters. Others however, took this as an insult, and saw the series falling prey to the social justice warrior movements and being nothing more than mere propaganda that would harm the series. Causing multiple Men’s Right Activists to call for boycotts of the film, and multiple online protests, as several stated it was an attack on the hold men had throughout the series. In weeks leading to the release of the film, trailers and images taken for the film were tagged with â€Å"#BoycottStarWarsVII† and â€Å"#StarWarsaMensGalaxy†. Despite the protests, and negative feedback from multiple activists and fans, the film generated $529 million its opening week. Stomping out the superstitions that this one film would ruin the image of Star Wars that was established. However, the biggest victory this film had, was with its characters and their roles in the film as director JJ Abrams made it clear that The Force Awakens was something that would change the Star Wars forever. Many speculated that, despite the latest additions to the franchise would still be dominated by men, and have small hints of a woman being in power. However, when the film debuted many found the story’s main character, Rey, a mysterious character with a hidden backstory, was not only cunning and well-rounded. She was truly independent, did not rely on another character, find herself in the middle of a love scene, or eagerly waiting for a knight in shining armor to come save the day. The closest she comes to something of that sort, is her companion Finn, who also made a splash being the franchise’s first African American lead role. However, it comes across as two friends looking after one another, it could even be recognized as a bond strictly forged by survival. However, this was not the only shocker of the film, as another twist to the plot of the story comes during the climax of the film. When Rey would even defeat, and overpower the films only white antagonist known as Kylo Ren in a lightsaber battle. Some would say that it was one of the most horrific fight scenes on a Star Wars film to date, but not if you take a closer look as the fight itself has a hidden meaning. Analyzing the fight scene, Kylo toys with Rey and does not face as a real opponent. Taunting her, and showing his superior strength to push her to a weakened state but at the one point he offers her a chance to join him as an apprentice and teach her what she lacks as a Jedi. This can be seen as a moment of man beating down the thought of a woman taking on such a role. Demonstrating that a woman such as Rey is not meant to be so strong. That she is not meant to stand as a warrior, or as someone who can stand their ground and can easily fall prey to the words of a man who appears to be stronger and offers a way out a difficult situation. However, as Rey, struggles to hold off her opponent, she takes a moment to reflect on who she is, and why she is fighting. She then becomes focused and forges a stronger bond between herself and the force which allows her to become more powerful than Kylo could have ever become in such a short time. Rey, who has never fought with a lightsaber, never used the force in anyway, or faced an evil as strong as Kylo Ren emerges victorious. Making an impression on the young man, and the audience that this female character is not one to be taken so lightly, that women can take on such a role, and be just as good of a Jedi warrior worthy of wielding a lightsaber in battle. This scene alone can be indicated as one of the most iconic, visually pleasing, and outspoken of all time, with the simple message it carries through its actions and depiction. Just one more thing for the world to fall in love with, and that it did. Following the success of the film came the monstrous demand for the toys, and video game figures that the public would be open to collect and enjoy. The new line of Star Wars figures and video games included almost every single cast member and their costumes, all except one major piece. Rey herself, was not found to be included in any of the merchandise produced by toy distributor Hasbro, except for one. One that was part of a â€Å"Speeder Bundle†, a pre-sale toy bundle before the film was released. However, this one toy absolutely robs Rey of any gender as she is fully masked and clothed. One would not even notice it was a female character in the form of a toy. This of course drove a massive callout from fans and gender activists, both raising the question as to why? Why was this important female character being left out when so many were calling for her to appear? The answer came from an inside report from Hasbro that stated toymakers were specifically directed to exclude Rey from their products because â€Å"Star Wars toys were geared toward boys and boys don’t like playing with female action figures. No boy wants to be given a product with a female character on it.† Which brought both Hasbro and Disney to come forward and made a thin excuse saying their intentions were â€Å"mistaken, as they did not wish to reveal or spoil anything for anyone who had not seen the movie.† It was also found that both Disney and Hasbro invested heavily in the white antagonist male character Kylo Ren as many executives expected his role to be the breakout role of the century. Returning old world views of woman not being able to have as strong of a hold in the entertainment industry as men and bringing forth the question of whether or not this trend would continue with the later series of episodes the Star Wars franchise planned to release in years to come. Although the answer may not be fully known, it is clear that creators and directors under with the Star Wars brand are working toward undoing the damage set forth by past films for their portrayal of women. With the latest installments of Star Wars: The Clone Wars Animated, Rogue One, and The Last Jedi – all featuring more independent and empowered female characters, the franchise is on the right path but still has a large road ahead till many see women equal to men. How to cite â€Å"That lightsaber belongs to me!†: Star Wars the Gender Swap, Papers

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay Example For Students

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay annonOn December 15, 1890 authorities feared that the Siouxs new GhostDance? religion might inspire an uprising. Sitting Bull permitted GrandRiver people to join the antiwhite Ghost Dance cult and was thereforearrested by troops. In the fracas that followed, he was shot twice in thehead. Sitting Bull followers were apprehended and brought to the U.SArmy Camp at Wounded Knee Creek in southwestern South Dakota. Moving among the tipis, soldiers lifted womens dresses andtouched their private parts, ripping from them essential cooking andsewing utensils. The men sitting in the council heard the angry shrieks oftheir wives, mothers, and daughters. Several Lakota, offended by theabusive actions of the cavalry, stubbornly waited to have their weaponstaken from them. It was a show of honor in front of their elders, for fewof them were old enough to have fought in the Indian Wars fifteen yearsbefore. That night, everyone was tired out by the hard trip. James Asay, aPine Ridge trader and whiskey runner, brought a ten-gallon keg of whiskeyto the Seventh Cavalry officers. Many of the Indian men were kept up allnight by the drunken Cavalry where the soldiers kept asking them how oldthey were. The soldiers were hoping to discover which of the men had beenat the Battle of Little Bighorn where Custer was killed. On the bitterly cold morning of December 29, 1890, Alice GhostHorse,a thirteen- year old Lakota girl rode her horse through the U.S Army camplooking for her father, one of the Indian men who had been rounded upearlier that day. Less than fifty yards away she could see her father sitting on theground with other disarmed men from Chief Big Foots band, surrounded bymore than 500 heavily armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry. She lookedNorth up the hill where four guns on wheels were mounted. Trooperswatched silently on each side of the Hotchkiss battery. To one side Alice noticed a familiar figure standing with handsraised above his head, his arms turned upward in prayer. It was themedicine man by the name of Yellow Bird. He stood facing the east, rightby the fire pit which was now covered with dirt. He was praying andcrying. He was saying to the spotted eagles that he wanted to die insteadof his people. He must have sense that something was going to happen. Hepicked up some dirt from the fire place and threw it up in the air andsaid, This is the way I want to go, back to dust.Seventh Cavalry interpreter Phillip F. Wells, whose knowledge ofthe Lakota language was poor, later told military investigators that a mannamed Yellow Bird stood up at Wounded Knee and deliberately incited theLakota to fight. Colonel Forsyth gave a bizarre order: each soldier was told to aimhis unloaded gun at an Indians forehead and to pull the trigger. AfterWells translated the demeaning order to the astonished Lakota, they couldnot comprehend this foolishness. Looking at each other, their faces grewwild with fear.Alice then saw two or three sergeants grab a deaf man named BlackCoyote who had yet to be disarmed. His friends had been so busy talkingthat they had left him uniformed. The soldiers tore off his blanket,roughly twirling him around. He raised his rifle above his head to keep itaway from them. In the midst of yelling, jerking, and twisting, thestruggle ended unexpectedly when the rifle pointed toward the east enddischarged in the crisp morning air. .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .postImageUrl , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:visited , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:active { border:0!important; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:active , .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682 .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5eadc830871f1099e3b4b8d654ecf682:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Andrew Jackson EssayLieutenant James Mann screamed, Fire! Fire on them! On commandthe troops opened fire in an explosive volley, enclosing both attackersand victims in a dark curtain of pungent smoke. That day over three hundred elderly men, women, and children, alldisarmed were brutally murdered. After the genocidal procedure occurred, ablizzard hit, and it was on the forth day that search parties were sentout to bury the dead. A newspaper reporter accompanying the burial party described thefirst body they found as that of a male about twelve years old. The boyhad been shot. He was wearing a ghost shirt embolized with an eagle, buffalo, andmorning-star insignia. They believed that these symbols of powerfulspirits would protect them from the soldiers bullets. Many of the wounded survivors later died or were secretly carriedaway in the night by Lakota from other bands. The dead were buried inhidden locations, and carefully concealed from federal officials who laterunderestimated the death toll at 146, over two hundred less than theactual number butchered an their own land. The frozen bodies were taken to the top of the hill overlookingthe valley where they had died. Gravediggers carved a gaping hole form theearth, six feet deep, ten wide, sixty long. When the orders were given tobury the first load, three soldiers jumped into the grave and each corpsewas given to them one at a time. They stripped them of all salablearticles from the bodies as if they were skinning rabbits. Without prayer services of any kind, the Lakota dead were layeredin a mass grave, first one naked row across the bottom of the trench, andold army blankets were placed over them, then another row of limp bodieslengthwise. And so on they continued until the last mound of dirt wasshoveled on. BIA TakeoverIn 1968, the Indian activist group known as AIM was born. Theactual founding members remain unknown, but Dennis Banks, ClydeBellecourt, and George Miller were prominent in its foundation. The groupwas initially organized to deal with discriminatory practices of thepolice in the arrest of Indians and to fight for the rights of AmericanIndians. In November 1972, members of AIM marched and protested in front ofthe White House in Washington D.C. They had come to complain about thetreatment of the bureau towards them. The group of over 500 then decidedto take over the BIA building. During the instrumental week-long occupation, the Indianscomfortably settled in the building. Cooking, dishwashing, and cleaningwas organized. Guards were appointed and children were looked after. Thiswas amazing considering the amount of people in the building. Then theinevitable arrival of the police surrounded the building. Uniformed inriot gear, the police began to beat Indians standing around the vicinityand haul them to jail. A rainstorm of office materials were thrown at thepolice. Many were discouraged and kept their distance from the entrance. Inside the building, it was not totally chaotic but somewhat of anorganized confusion. Women and children ran for safety and the brave graspvarious weapons and stood their ground. Many were prepared to die in theconfrontation. Indian Reorganization ActThe Indian Reorganization Act, a major reform of U.S policy towardAmerican Indians, was enacted by Congress on June 18, 1934 as a result ofa decade of criticism of conditions on the reservations. It forbade thefurther allotment of tribal lands to individual Indians. It destroyed theold, traditional form of Indian self- government. Power was mainly left tohalf-blood tribal presidents whose alliance was mainly to the U.Sgovernment. Dicky Wilson was the worst of this type. He was accused ofillegally converting tribal funds and having people beaten and murdered. .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .postImageUrl , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:visited , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:active { border:0!important; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:active , .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0 .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u027bf63e53786116161d43cb86ce0ef0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Different methods to grab our attention EssayHe also had Russel Means, a AIM leader, beaten up and sent to thehospital. After that situation, AIM decided to fight back. Siege of Wounded KneeIn February 1973, members of AIM gathered around a courthouse toattend the trial of Wesly Bad Heart who had been stabbed to death by awhite man. Not surprisingly, the murderer was acquitted. The group refused to acceptthe decision. The coiled tension was about to be released by the abusiveactions of the police. Troopers used an array of riot weapons to controlthe masses. Indians set buildings on fire and broke into stores. Thefighting lasted till midafternoon. The group then decided to head to Wounded Knee, an Oglala Siouxhamlet on the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. Everyone begansetting up tents and making bunkers around the Sacred Heart Church. Only afew had rifles and there was only one automatic weapon an AK-47. Manystood silent as they stood on where many of there people were butchered. Around the vicinity stood the Gildersleeve Trading Post and SacredHeart Church. Both had been desecretions of the slaughtered Indians fromthe Original Battle of Wounded Knee. There was a store that sold postcardswith the images of the dead corpses. The church that overlooked the valleywas taken over by the Indians. They stormed in and began to dance Indianfashion. A FBI car arrived to monitor their actions. We challenged them torepeat the massacre that occurred almost a hundred years ago. During the ten-week long takeover at Wounded Knee, the time wasmostly past in boredom. Women were sent to stores to buy food while othersprepared it. The brave and strong women carried weapons. A white manshome became a hospital ran by woman. More and more feds arrived tosurround the area and some shot at people. Some were strolling around inarmored vehicles others walked through the vicinity with attack dogs. Reporters and politicians had also arrived. When food became short, theybegan hunting for elks and bulls. One day a plane flew through and droppedfour hundred pounds of food. Everyone began to swarm around it and unpackit. It was filled with powdered milk, beans, flour, rice, coffee,bandages, vitamins, and antibiotics. Two Indians were dead and many were injured. When an Indian wasshot at and badly hurt, they asked the feds to cease fire. They began towave a white flag. The two thousand Indians had stood their ground atWounded Knee.

The Young Turks Essay Example For Students

The Young Turks Essay Through my research, of the websites and book listed in the works cited section of my paper, I have found that the Young Turks have been an important part of Turkish and Armenian history. The young Turks were a coalition of reform groups that led a revolutionary movement against the Ottoman Empires Sultan Abdulhamid the Second. They opposed him because of the absolute power he had, and because they wanted to eliminate foreign influence, and to restore Turkish pride. The Young Turks movement was started in the Imperial Medical college of Istanbul. In Istanbul it spread to other colleges including the military institutes. When Abdulhamid the Second, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, learned of their plot against him he exiled the students. The Young Turks fled to various cities in Europe. It was here that the preparations for their revolution took place. An important Young Turk was Ahmed Riza, who was part of the Committee of Union and Progress, which was an influential Young Turk organization. He pushed for a strong central government and he was against all foreign influence. When the Young Turks came to power these ideas were important in their policies. We will write a custom essay on The Young Turks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The revolution occurred when discontented members of the Ottomans Army, the Committee of Union and Progress, and another group called the League of Private Initiative and Decentralization all agreed to work together. The revolt took place in 1908. Ahmed Niyazi a member of the Third Army Corps led a small revolt against provincial authorities; other revolutionaries holding revolts that were inspired by Ahmed’s followed this. Since the Sultan could not rely on his military to support him he recalled parliament and in 1913 the triumvirate of Talat Pasa, Ahmed Cemel Pasa, and Enver Pasa gained power. Under the triumvirate the Young Turks major reforms took place. Their reforms led to a more centralized government; they promoted industrialization, and improved education. The Young Turks lost power in 1918. Hoping to gain political power they joined in on World War One on the side of the Germans, and the Central Powers. They did this thinking that Germany had a superior army. When the Young Turks realized defeat was coming they resigned their power and the Ottomans ended up signing the Armistice of Mudros ending Turkey’s involvement in the war. The Young Turks are important to Armenian history because of the treatment the Armenians received under their control. The Young Turks preached cooperation between themselves and the minority groups in Turkey before they gained power. When the Young Turks took control they did not follow their ideas of cooperation. In 1913 at the city of Adana 30,000 Armenians were killed. When World War One broke out the Young Turks looked at it as a perfect opportunity to dispose of, what they looked at as a problem, Armenians. The government intentionally tried to eliminate the Armenians. Armenian leaders were killed. The rest were forced to relocate into the deserts of Syria, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. During these marches many Armenians were flogged to death, burned, bayoneted, buried alive in pits, drowned in rivers, beheaded, raped, abducted into harems, or just simply died of exhaustion. This genocide, conducted by the Young Turks, took the lives of 1.5 million Armenians.Bibliography:Works Cite dBalakian, Peter. Black Dog of Fate. New York: Broadway Books, 1997. CedarLand. 20 Febuary 2001. The Armenian Genocide. 20 Febuary 2001http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Parliament/2587/armenia.htmlEncyclopedia Britanica. 20 February 2001. Young Turks. 20 February 2001

Common Characteristics of the New England Colonies

Common Characteristics of the New England Colonies The North American colonies that were settled by the English are often divided into three different groups: the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies. The New England colonies consisted of Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. These colonies shared many common characteristics that helped define the region. The following is a look at these key characteristics. Physical Characteristics of New England All of the New England colonies had been covered by ice during the last Ice Age, which created poor, rocky soil. The final melt-back of the glaciers left some of the rocky areas peppered with large boulders.Rivers are fairly short and their floodplains are narrow, unlike in other areas of America, and do not allow for the creation of huge agricultural plots along their banks.The major resources available and used by the colonists were lumber and fish. The People of New England The New England region was an area of mostly homogeneous culture, mostly settled by large groups of people from England who were fleeing religious persecution or seeking new opportunities.The New England colonists settled in towns, typically surrounded by 40 square miles of land that were farmed by the individuals who lived in the towns.Indigenous Native American groups such as the Pequot in Connecticut were involved in extensive trading with the Dutch, but the situation became tense when the English started arriving in the 1630s. Britain launched the Pequot War in 1636–1637, after which many Pequot were executed and many survivors were sold into slavery in the Caribbean. In 1666 and 1683, Connecticut colony built two reservations for the remaining Pequot. Major Occupations in New England Agriculture:  Farms surrounding the farms were not terribly fertile. As a group, the farmers brought a high degree of mechanical ingenuity and self-sufficiency.Fishing:  Boston began exporting fish in 1633. In 1639, Massachusetts Bay was exempted from paying taxes on fishing boats; and as a result, by 1700, the fishing industry was huge. The colonists obtained crustaceans and pelagic fish from saltwater bays and freshwater rivers, and Pilgrim fathers also hunted right whales off Cape Cod.Commerce:  Individuals from the New England area were heavily involved in commerce. Extensive trade with England allowed ship holders to flourish, and the New Englanders also maintained lucrative trade connections with the West Indies and French colonies to the north. New England Religion Calvinism and the Social Contract Theory: Many individuals who lived in the New England area were Calvinists or heavily influenced by John Calvins works and thought. While many look at John Locke as the primary founder of the idea of the social contract (which defined proper government as an agreement or contract between the individuals to join together into a society), the Calvinist doctrine was one of the first to espouse the idea in England. The fact that many New England settlers followed the religious doctrines of John Calvin meant that this theory was part of their religious heritage. Further, this belief in the importance of social contracts transferred to economic contracts as well.A Belief in Predestination:  One of the tenets of Calvinism is the idea of predestination. This was the belief that God had already predetermined everything, including who was going to heaven and who to hell. The idea that God had chosen the British colonies for a special destiny  to take the N orth American continent and develop and maintain an ideal of liberty and democracy later fed into 19th century manifest destiny. Congregationalism:  This style of religion means that the church itself was governed by its own members, and the congregation chose its own minister, rather than being assigned one by a hierarchy.Intolerance:  While the Puritans might have escaped England due to religious persecution, they did not come to America to establish religious freedom for all. They wanted to be free to worship the way they wished. In Massachusetts Bay colony, people who did not subscribe to the colony religion were not allowed to vote, and nonconformists such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams were excommunicated from the church and banished from the colony. The Spread of the New England Population The small towns only lasted a few years, as the populations outgrew the 40-acre supporting fields. That resulted in the rapid increase of many new small towns: instead of having a few large metropolises, New England was dotted with many smaller towns that were established by breakaway groups. This low-intensity settlement pattern lasted until the 1790s when a transition to commercial agriculture and small-scale industry began. In essence, during its first few decades, New England was an area that had been founded by a fairly homogeneous population, most of whom shared common religious beliefs. Because the region lacked huge tracts of fertile land, the area turned to commerce and fishing as their main occupations, though individuals within towns still worked small plots of land in the surrounding area. Slavery did not become an economic necessity in New England, as it grew to be in the Southern colonies. This turn to commerce would have a major impact many years later after the founding of the United States when questions of states rights and slavery were being discussed. Sources and Further Reading Carroll, Charles F. The Timber Economy of Puritan New England. Providence: Brown University Press, 1973.Foster, David R. Land-Use History (1730-1990) and Vegetation Dynamics in Central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology 80.4 (1992): 753–71.Foster, David R., Glenn Motzkin, and Benjamin Slater. Land-Use History as Long-Term Broad-Scale Disturbance: Regional Forest Dynamics in Central New England. Ecosystems 1.1 (1998): 96–119.Scott, Donald M. The Religious Origins of Manifest Destiny. Divining America: Religion in American History. National Humanities Center.  Silliman, Stephen W. Change and Continuity, Practice and Memory: Native American Persistence in Colonial New England. American Antiquity 74.2 (2009): 211–30.Stout, Harry S. The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.  Yankee Whaling. New Bedford Whaling Museum, 2016.

Commissioning pneumatic trainer system Literature review

Commissioning pneumatic trainer system - Literature review Example Pneumatics is defined as the study of gases and air and the relationship between their volume, temperature and pressure (Venkannah, 2006). Pneumatics as a discipline deals with the mechanical properties of gases, e.g. pressure and density, and the application of these principles to solve various engineering problems using of compressed gas as the main source of power (Beater, 2007). The compressed gas that is most commonly used is air, and it normally contains energy stored in a potential state. When the compressed air expands, working energy is produced in the form of kinetic energy and pressure (Beater, 2007). 1.1.2 Hardware Pneumatic systems can be broken down into several levels representing the hardware components and the signal flow as shown below (Venkannah, 2006). The major components of a pneumatic system are; Compressor Check valve Accumulator Directional valve Actuator The assembly of a basic pneumatic system is as shown below. Key: A. Air Compressor B. Check Valve C. Accu mulator D. Directional Valve E. Actuator The following are discussed below. A. Compressor The air compressor unit is driven by a motor, and it acts as the source of air for the whole system (Dale & Fardo, 2009). It increases the pressure of air by compressing it so as to reduce its volume. This unit uses electrical power to generate mechanical force through the rotation of a motor. Once the air is compressed, it is stored in a receiving tank. The compressed air is then dispersed to the extra parts of the system at a high pressure when needed (Dale & Fardo, 2009). Pneumatic systems must also be equipped with air processing components that will condition the air before it is used. The conditioning involves filtering, regulating the temperature and lubrication (Dale & Fardo, 2009). These three sub units can be offered as one set known as the FRL Unit (Soundara, 2007). Filter unit It filters any foreign particles that may be contained in the compressed air. However, the size of the part icle that can be filtered depends on the type of filter used (Mitchell, 2000). Regulator unit It is used to uphold the desired pressure to the system’s control and consumption unit. Lubricating unit The lubricator supplies the compressed air with a film of oil and ensures that the air carries oil to the interior parts of both the control valves and the cylinder. However, the usage of lubricators is becoming less popular since nowadays manufacturers are making valves that do not require lubrication (Soundara, 2007). The filter and the regulator can be combined and used as a single or as individual units. B. Check valves These are one way valves that allow pressurized air to enter the pneumatic system and at the same time preventing backflow of the pressurized air to the compressor hence preventing loss of pressure. They help keep the pressurized air locked until it is released either manually or electrically after it reaches a certain amount of pressure. C. Accumulator It stor es compressed air and prevents any surges that may occur as a result of pressure. It usually has a larger volume than the air compressor. The large volume is of great significance as it helps dampen the pulsations of pressure as well as serve as a reserve to supply both large and brief volumes of air on demand. Accumulators also act as a medium for